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Simple sentences: A simple sentence has only one clause:
The children were laughing. John wanted a new bicycle. All the girls are learning English.

Complex sentences: A complex sentence is a sentence that contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.
Example: Because life is complex, we need complex sentences.

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em—dash is used for effect. The em dash is perhaps the most versatile punctuation mark. Depending on the context, the em dash can take the place of commas, parentheses, or colons—in each case to slightly different effect. Notwithstanding its versatility, the em dash is best limited to two appearances per sentence. Otherwise, confusion rather than clarity is likely to result. Do not mistake the em dash (—) for the slightly narrower en dash (–) or the even narrower hyphen (‐). Those marks serve different purposes and are further explained in other sections.